The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is like a playbook that explains how information in our genes is used by our bodies. It tells us that first, the information in our DNA is copied into a molecule called RNA, and then that RNA is used to make proteins, which do all sorts of important jobs in our cells. Understanding the Central Dogma is important for doctors and scientists because it helps us figure out how genetic problems can lead to diseases like cancer. By knowing how genes work, we can develop better ways to diagnose and treat these diseases.
The concept outlines three main processes: replication, transcription, and translation, through which genetic information stored as DNA is converted into functional proteins.
DNA Replication: The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself. This ensures that each new cell receives an identical set of genetic instructions during cell division.
Transcription: The process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell.
Translation: The process by which the information carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This process takes place on ribosomes, where transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA code.
There are a few fun and creative ways to engage young learners in biology.
Extracting DNA from a fruit. This is a quick activity that uses common household items. Watch this YouTube video:
Genetics - Central Dogma of Life - Lesson 17 | Don't Memorise
